1 Gabatarwa

Magudin giya yana haifar da manyan kalubale ga masana'antar giya ta duniya, yana lalata kasuwannin ciniki na duniya da kuma faɗaɗa tattalin arziƙi. Yanayin yana ta ƙara tsanantawa a ko'ina cikin sarkar kayan giya, yana buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin hana magudi.

Tasirin Kasuwa

Magudi yana kashe masana'antar giya ta duniya kusan dala biliyan 3 a kowace shekara

Ƙimar Gano

Kashi 15% kacal na magudanan giya ana gano su ta hanyoyin gargajiya

1.1 Sauƙin Kamun Masana'antar Giya ta Hanyar Magudi

Kayayyakin giya masu tsada suna zama manufa masu ban sha'awa ga masu yin magudi saboda darajar su mai girma, ƙarancin wadatar su, da rashin ingantattun siffofi na hana magudi akan kayan marufi. Bayyanar manyan giya irin na 2000 da 2005 Bordeaux sun ƙara ƙarfafa ayyukan magudi.

Mahimman Bayanai:

  • Kayayyakin giya masu daraja da ƙarancin wadatar su sune manyan hari
  • Ƙaruwar wadata a kasuwannin ƙasashe masu tasowa yana haifar da ƙarin masu saye masu yuwuwa
  • Yawancin masu amfani ba su da ilimin fasaha don tabbatar da ingancin giya
  • Soke haraji a Hong Kong a 2008 ya hanzarta kasuwanni na halal da na magudi

1.2 Hanyoyin Hana Magudi na Yanzu

Hanyoyin da ake da su sun haɗa da holograms, lambobin QR, da lambobi na jeri, amma waɗannan sun tabbatar da rashin isasshe don yaƙi da ƙwararrun ayyukan magudi. Tsarin NAS yana wakiltar ci gaban fasaha wajen magance waɗannan iyakoki.

2 Bayanin Fasahar NFC

Sadarwar Kusa-da-fili (NFC) tana aiki a mitar 13.56 MHz tare da ƙimar canja wurin bayanai har zuwa 424 kbps. Fasahar tana ba da damar sadarwa mai tsaro a cikin kusan nisan santimita 10, wanda ya sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen hana magudi.

2.1 Tsarukan Sadarwa na NFC

NFC tana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku: mai karatu/marubuci, peer-to-peer, da kwaikwayon kati. Tsarin hana magudi yana amfani da yanayin mai karatu/marubuci don tabbatar da alama.

2.2 Siffofin Tsaro

Alamun NFC sun haɗa da yadudduka na tsaro da yawa ciki har da ɓoyewa, tsarukan tabbaci, da wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu tsaro. Tsarin yana amfani da ɓoyewar AES-256 don kariyar bayanai.

3 Tsarin Tsarin

NAS tana haɗa abubuwan haɗin kayan aiki (alamun NFC, masu karatu), tsarin software (aikace-aikacen wayar hannu, sabar baya), da kayan aikin bayanai don ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar hanyar hana magudi.

3.1 Abubuwan Haɗin Kayan Aiki

Tsarin yana amfani da alamun NFC masu bin ISO 14443 Type A/B tare da ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na 1KB. Ana saka alamun a cikin ƙwayoyin kwalba ko lakabi yayin samarwa.

3.2 Tsarin Software

Tsarin gine-gine mai matakai uku ya haɗa da Layer na gabatarwa (aikace-aikacen wayar hannu), Layer na dabaru na kasuwanci (aikace-aikacen tabbaci), da Layer na bayanai (bayanai da aka haɗa da blockchain).

3.3 Ƙirar Bayanai

Fasahar Ledger da aka rarraba tana tabbatar da rikodin da ba za a iya canzawa ba. Ana rikodin tafiyar kowace kwalbar giya daga gonar inabi zuwa mai amfani ta hanyar da ba za a iya gurbata ba.

4 Cikakkun Bayanai na Aiwatarwa

Aiwatarwa ta mayar da hankali kan la'akari da turawa mai amfani ciki har da zaɓin alama, hanyoyin ɓoyewa, da ƙirar ƙwarewar mai amfani.

4.1 Zaɓin Alama da Shirye-shirye

An zaɓi alamun NTAG216 don ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mai amfani na byte 888 da siffofin hana karo. Shirye-shirye suna faruwa a wuraren tulin kwalabe tare da alamun musamman.

4.2 Hanyoyin ɓoyewa

Tsarin yana amfani da cryptography na elliptic curve don musayar maɓalli da AES-256 don ɓoyewar bayanai. Ana iya wakiltar tsarin tsaro ta hanyar lissafi kamar haka:

$E_k(M) = AES_{256}(K, M)$ inda $K$ aka samo daga $K = ECDH(P_r, P_u)$

4.3 Ƙirar Aikace-aikacen Wayar Hannu

An ƙera aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na dandamali don iOS da Android, wanda ke da tabbacin taɓaɓɓun ɗaya da kuma ganin sarkar kayan giya.

5 Sakamakon Gwaji

Gwaji ya ƙunshi kwalaben giya 5000 a cikin nodes 10 na sarkar kayan giya sama da watanni 6, yana nuna kashi 99.8% na ingancin tabbaci da lokutan amsa ƙasa da dakika 2.

5.1 Ma'aunin Aiki

Yawan nasarar tabbatarwa: 99.8%, Matsakaicin lokacin amsa: dakika 1.7, Ƙimar karya tabbatacce: 0.05%, Lokacin tsayawar tsarin: 99.95%.

5.2 Binciken Tsaro

Juriya ga hare-haren kwafi: 100%, Gano gurbatawa: 99.9%, Ingantaccen bayanai: 100% ta hanyar tabbatar da blockchain.

Zanen Tsarin Tsarin

NAS tana amfani da tsarin tsaro mai matakai uku: na jiki (alamun NFC), cryptographic (AES-256), da blockchain (ledger da aka rarraba). Kowane buƙatun tabbaci yana haifar da matakan tabbaci da yawa a cikin waɗannan yadudduka.

6 Tsarin Bincike

Ginshiƙin Fahimta

NAS tana wakiltar sauyi na asali daga mayar da martani zuwa hana magudi. Ba kamar hanyoyin gargajiya waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan gano ba, wannan tsarin yana hana magudi a tushe ta hanyar asalin cryptographic.

Kwararar Hankali

Kyawun tsarin yana cikin tsarinsa mai matakai: tsaron jiki (alamun NFC), tsaron dijital (ɓoyewa), da tsaron ma'amala (blockchain). Wannan yana haifar da wuraren kasawa da yawa ga masu yin magudi yayin kiyaye sauƙin mai amfani.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Haɗin NFC tare da blockchain yana haifar da hanyar bincike marar canzawa wanda kusan ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙira ba. Amfani da kayan aikin wayar hannu da ake da shi yana kawar da shingayen shiga.

Kurakurai: Tasirin tsarin ya dogara gaba ɗaya ga shiga sarkar kayan giya. Duk wani karya a cikin sarkar yana haifar da rauni. Bugu da ƙari, farashin kowace alama, yayin da yake raguwa, har yanzu yana gabatar da kalubale na haɓakawa ga giya mai yawan kasuwa.

Bayanai Masu Amfani

Ya kamata masana'antun giya su fara aiwatar da wannan fasahar don manyan giya inda dawowar kuɗin shiga ya fi bayyana. Ya kamata a haɗa tsarin tare da tsarin ERP da ake da shi maimakon yin aiki azaman mafita mai zaman kanta. Ci gaba na gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan rage farashin alama ta hanyar tattalin arziƙin sikelin.

Wannan tsarin hana magudi na tushen NFC yana wakiltar ci gaba mai muhimmanci a cikin tsaron sarkar kayan giya don kayayyaki masu tsada. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar holograms ko lambobin QR, NAS tana ba da hujjar cryptographic na inganci wanda ke da wuya a kwafi. Tsarin tsarin ya yi daidai da ka'idojin da aka kafa a cikin ma'aunin IEEE P1451 don na'urori masu wayo, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai da haɓakawa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin hana magudi kamar RFID (wanda ke da tsayin zango amma yana da buƙatun wuta mafi girma) ko alamomin sinadarai (waɗanda ke buƙatar tabbacin dakin gwaje-gwaje), NFC yana da ma'auni mafi kyau tsakanin tsaro, farashi, da amfani. Haɗin fasahar blockchain don kiyaye bayanan ma'amala ya ginu akan bincike daga cibiyoyi kamar Shirin Kuɗin Dijital na MIT, yana ƙirƙirar hanyar bincike marar canzawa. Duk da haka, tsarin yana fuskantar kalubale a cikin ƙarfin alama a ƙarƙashin yanayin ajiya daban-daban da kuma buƙatar daidaitawa a cikin masana'antu. Maimaitawa na gaba na iya haɗa algorithms na koyon inji makamancin waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin CycleGAN don ganewar alama don gano ƙwararrun yunƙurin kwafi. Nasarar tsarin a ƙarshe ya dogara da yaduwar amfani a ko'ina cikin sarkar kayan giya da kuma ilimin mabukaci game da tsarin tabbaci.

Misalin Tsarin Tabbatarwa

Tsarin tabbaci yana bin wannan jeri: 1) Mai amfani ya danna wayar hannu akan alamar NFC ta kwalbar giya, 2) Aikace-aikacen wayar hannu yana karanta ID ɗin samfurin da aka ɓoye, 3) Tsarin yana tambayar bayanan da aka rarraba don tarihin samfurin, 4) Blockchain yana tabbatar da ingancin ma'amala, 5) App yana nuna sakamakon tabbaci tare da ganin sarkar kayan giya.

7 Aikace-aikace na Gaba

Za a iya ƙaddamar da tsarin NAS zuwa wasu kayayyaki masu tsada ciki har da barasa, magunguna, da manyan kayan lantarki. Haɗawa da na'urorin IoT da gano sabani mai ƙarfin AI yana wakiltar juyin halitta na gaba na tsarin.

Taswirar Ci Gaba

  • Haɗawa tare da AI don hasashen gano magudi
  • Faɗaɗawa zuwa kasuwanni masu tasowa tare da mafita na farko ta wayar hannu
  • Haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin tsari don daidaitaccen aiwatarwa
  • Haɓaka bambance-bambancen farashi mai rahusa don ƙarin amfani da kasuwa

8 Nassoshi

  1. Yiu, N.C.K. (2014). Tsarin Hana Magudi na NFC a Masana'antar Giya. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.
  2. Ƙungiyar Inabi da Giya ta Duniya (2020). Rahoton Kididdigar Cinikin Giya na Duniya.
  3. Zhu, J.Y., et al. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna-zuwa-Hoto mara biyu ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Ci gaba da Ci gaba. ICCV.
  4. Shirin Kuɗin Dijital na MIT (2019). Aikace-aikacen Blockchain a Gudanar da Sarkar Kayan.
  5. ISO/IEC 14443 (2016). Katunan ganewa - Katunan da'irar haɗin gwiwa mara lamba.
  6. Hukumar Tarayyar Turai (2021). Tsarin Kimanta Fasahar Hana Magudi.